Understanding Panic Disorder in the Age of Pandemics: Symptoms, Treatments, and Medication Management
Panic disorder is a mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by sudden and unexpected episodes of intense fear or discomfort, often accompanied by physical symptoms such as chest pain, sweating, and shortness of breath. These episodes, known as panic attacks, can be overwhelming and can significantly impact a person's quality of life. In this blog post, we will explore the symptoms of panic disorder, how the pandemic has affected the prevalence and incidence rates of panic disorder, available treatments, and when to seek out medication management.
Symptoms of Panic Disorder
Panic disorder is diagnosed when an individual experiences recurrent and unexpected panic attacks. A panic attack is a sudden surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes and can last up to an hour. During a panic attack, a person may experience the following physical symptoms:
Racing heartbeat or heart palpitations
Sweating
Trembling or shaking
Shortness of breath or feeling of choking
Chest pain or discomfort
Nausea or stomach upset
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Chills or hot flashes
In addition to physical symptoms, a person experiencing a panic attack may also feel a sense of impending doom or fear of losing control. Panic attacks can be triggered by specific situations or can occur unexpectedly.
Impact of the Pandemic on Panic Disorder
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health, including panic disorder. The uncertainty and fear surrounding the pandemic, as well as the social isolation and disruption to daily life, have contributed to increased levels of anxiety and stress. According to a study published in the Journal of Anxiety Disorders, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of anxiety and depression during the pandemic, with some estimates suggesting up to a 50% increase in the incidence of panic disorder.
Treatments for Panic Disorder
There are several effective treatments available for panic disorder. These include:
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): CBT is a type of talk therapy that focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors. It has been shown to be highly effective in treating panic disorder and can help individuals learn coping skills to manage panic attacks.
Medication: Antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and benzodiazepines, can be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of panic attacks. However, these medications should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can have side effects and potential risks.
Relaxation techniques: Techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and meditation can help reduce anxiety and manage the physical symptoms of panic attacks.
When to Seek Medication Management
Medication management may be appropriate for individuals with severe or frequent panic attacks, or for those who have not responded to other treatments. A healthcare professional can help determine if medication is necessary and can monitor its effectiveness and potential side effects.
It is important to note that medication should not be used as a standalone treatment for panic disorder. It is typically used in combination with other treatments, such as CBT and relaxation techniques.
The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to increased levels of anxiety and stress, leading to a higher incidence of panic disorder. Effective treatments, including CBT, medication, and relaxation techniques, are available, and medication management may be appropriate for some individuals. It is important to seek professional help if you are experiencing symptoms of panic disorder, as early intervention can lead to better outcomes.
Greg Roussett is a board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner offering treatment for panic disorder, depression, and insomnia. He is a cognitive behavioral therapist, psychopharmacologist (prescribing practices similar to a psychiatrist ), and offers a combination of psychotherapy and medication management to individuals experiencing depression. His office is located in Rockridge in Oakland, CA and provides services across the bay area to those residing in cities inclusive of Piedmont, Lafayette, Walnut Creek, Berkeley, and San Francisco. One of his primary specialties is working with those looking for help with panic disorder, depression, and insomnia. Book a complimentary consultation today here.